Chip formation varies with depth of cut, feed, material and tool geometry.

      Insert rake angle
       The rake angle (γ) gamma (GAMO) is a measurement of the edge in relation to the cut. This can be either negative or positive tools. Based on this, there are negative and positive inserts, where the clearance angles are either zero or several degrees plus. This determines how the insert can be tilted in the tool holder, giving rise to a negative or positive cutting action.